By bus
Germany is served by buses cooperating in the Eurolines network. The German partner is called Touring (http://www.touring.de/ind...).
Due to the Bosnian war in the 1990s, there are bus companies serving the Bosnian diaspora, which provide a cheap and clean way of getting to the Bosnia. Eg. Salinea (http://www.salinea.net/re...), Prosic (http://www.prosicbus.com/...) or Globtour (http://www.globtour.com) have several times per week routes from many towns in Bosnia and Hercegovina to Germany.
From Croatia you can come with Äazmatrans (http://www.cazmatrans.hr/...)
From Czech-German-Polish Three Country Border
In the vicinity of the Czech-German-Polish three country border, you may profit from the unified fare of the ZVON transport system: (http://www.zvon.de/)
By train
Regular train services connect Germany with all neighbouring countries. Almost all neighbouring countries especially Switzerland, Poland, Denmark, Czech Republic and Austria and even some non-neighbouring countries e. g. Italy are quite well connected with "EuroCity" trains. They are a little bit slower and slightly less comfortable than the European high speed trains but reach nevertheless up to 200 km/h. They are a worthwhile way to travel--not only for budget travellers although budget airlines might be cheaper or landscape viewers especially the Rhine valley lines.
There are also several European high speed trains to cross into or get out of Germany:
The Thalys (http://www.thalys.de/) brings you from Cologne Köln to Paris in approximately four hours and to Brussels in about two hours.
The ICE brings you at 300 km/h top speed from Frankfurt 3h 15, Cologne 2h 30 or Düsseldorf 2h 15 to Amsterdam. The train journey from Frankfurt to Paris 320 km/h using the ICE will take about four hours; going from Hamburg to Paris can take eight and a half hours. There is also an ICE line from Frankfurt to Brussels via Cologne.
The TGV brings you from Marseille, Lyon and Strasbourg to Frankfurt.
Standard rail fares are quite high, but there's a number of special fares and discounts available - see the "Get Around" section for more information. In particular, the Bahncard reduction applies for the whole journey as long as it starts or ends in Germany.